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Medications to Treat Anxiety Although therapy is the best treatment for anxiety, there are times when a short course of medication is required. Treatment options for anxiety include tranquilizers and antidepressants. SSRI antidepressants such as citalopram, sertraline, and escitalopram can reduce anxiety. SNRIs, that target the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine, can also be effective. SSRIs SSRIs are typically the first medications prescribed by doctors to treat anxiety disorders. They prevent neurons in the brain from reabsorbing serotonin, an ingredient which plays a vital role in regulating mood. The medications take a while to take effect, but the majority of people are better after 4 to 6 weeks. SSRIs don't develop into an addiction and are not addicting, therefore they can continue to be used for a long period of time. Another type of antidepressant, SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), also treats depression and anxiety. The SNRIs include citalopram, the escitalopram, fluoxetine (Prozac), paraxetine (Paxil), and sertraline. Tricyclic antidepressants like imipramine (Tofranil), doxepine and an anxiety Disorder stimulant are also used to treat anxiety and depression. Mirtazapine, an antidepressant that is novel, is sometimes used to treat anxiety disorders. Doctors don't know exactly how SSRIs and SNRIs work, but they do know that they boost activity of certain chemical messengers within the brain, referred to as neurotransmitters. They stop the brain from reabsorbing chemicals and allow these chemicals to bind to receptors. SSRIs are used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, GAD; obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD; panic disorder/agoraphobia; and posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. They can also be helpful for bulimia, though it is less common. People with anxiety who do not respond to SSRIs may be prescribed an antipsychotic atypical drug. Examples include quetiapine, (Abilify) and aripiprazole, (Risperdal). These medications reduce anxiety in people with obsessive-compulsive disorders. They are typically prescribed in combination with an antidepressant and have a lower risk of serious adverse reactions than other forms of antipsychotics. Beta-blockers are also prescribed to treat anxiety, and heart problems. Examples are propranolol (Inderal) and atenolol (Tenormin). anxiety therapy options can reduce physical symptoms of anxiety in people with social anxiety disorder. They can help in reducing anxiety, especially prior to or following surgery. Benzodiazepines, like lorazepam and Ativan (Ativan) are able to be used in situations where other medications do not work. However, benzodiazepines are habit-forming and may be addictive. SNRIs SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant medications often prescribed to treat anxiety. They work similarly to SSRIs but also increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin. They are therefore more efficient in treating certain anxiety disorders like anxiety and social anxiety disorders. panic disorder. Similar to other medications, they work best when they are combined with talk therapy and other treatment strategies. Contrary to benzodiazepines, SNRIs do not cause dependence or addiction in the majority of people. However, some patients might be prone to withdrawal after stopping the medication after a lengthy duration of use. This is why it is crucial to talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. Serotonin and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters responsible for stress and mood responses. They play an important role in the fight-or-flight reaction that a lot of people suffering from anxiety experiences. By preventing the reuptake of, SNRIs prevent nerve cells from absorption of these neurotransmitters in a rapid manner. This way, they keep these chemicals in the brain longer and, as a result, they have the potential to improve mood and reduce feelings of anxiety or even assist in the relief of symptoms of panic attacks. Norepinephrine also plays a role in anxiety, since it activates the Amygdala. This is a deep and primitive part of the brain that is associated with anxiety-related behavior. The SNRIs have been proven to reduce activity in this part of the brain, which could positively impact mood and anxiety, as well as alleviate panic attacks. Although these drugs can be very beneficial but it is important to remember that they do carry a risk of increased suicidal ideas in certain individuals. Due to this, they are typically prescribed in higher dosages and for a shorter duration. These medications may also interact with other medications and substances. You should inform your doctor if you are taking any other prescriptions, or over-the generic medication. Also keep them informed of any medical conditions that may be underlying like heart issues and bleeding disorders. Be aware that certain patients have reported adverse reactions to SNRIs including nausea and dry mouth. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines, or benzos commonly referred to as — are medications that act quickly that can help ease anxiety and anxiety-related symptoms like insomnia and muscle tension. They can be beneficial for people with anxiety disorders, like panic disorder and social anxiety particularly when other treatments, like SSRIs or psychotherapy (talk therapy) do not work. They are also a good short-term solution, such as while you wait for an antidepressant begin working. Benzos include diazepam, temazepam, and flurazepam. They typically begin working within 30 minutes because they're fast-acting. These drugs don't last very long in the body, so it is essential to take them regularly to get the benefits. Utilizing benzos for prolonged periods of time can result in physical dependence and addiction, so they should only be used for the shortest time possible. Benzos should not be used by people with depression or anxiety disorders as they may increase the risk. People who take benzos for long periods of time, without medical supervision and often without the direction of a doctor, can develop a condition known as sedative use disorders, which can include withdrawal symptoms and addiction. This condition is uncommon in people who take benzos on prescription. Misuse of benzos usually results from other causes such as alcoholism or depression. Tolerance to benzodiazepines can also develop when they are used for a long period of time. Tolerance means that you require more medication to get the same effects. In some cases it can result in respiratory depression, coma, and death. Even if you are taking benzodiazepines for a long period of time, it is essential to follow the prescribed dosage. Other Medicines SSRIs and SNRIs will be the primary medications that doctors prescribe to treat anxiety. They impact serotonin, which influences mood, appetite, and sleep. They may take a long time to begin effect, ranging from to 12 weeks, and have some adverse effects such as insomnia or nausea. SSRIs can also be used to treat mental disorders like panic disorder, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. In contrast to benzodiazepines they don't cause physical dependence but they may trigger withdrawal symptoms when abruptly cut off. The medicines in this class include sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa). They may be used on their own or in conjunction with therapy. Antidepressants are prescribed by psychiatrists, psychologists or family physicians who have specialized training in medication management. Doctors may prescribe a class of monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) as an antidepressant. They block the actions of enzymes that break chemical into smaller pieces, such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. MAOIs may take three or four weeks to begin working however they aren't as quick-acting as SSRIs. Clonidine is another medication that can be used to treat anxiety. It is commonly used to treat anxiety however, it can also be used to control blood pressure. Its effectiveness is limited because of negative effects such as hypotension and sedation. Doctors may also prescribe antihistamines, like hydroxyzine, to help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks. They can also reduce the effectiveness of benzodiazepines in some patients. Anxiety is usually treated by combining psychotherapy, medication and exercise. Working with a therapist that is specialized in treating anxiety disorders is the most effective way to treat anxiety. They can help you work through the root causes of your anxiety and recommend strategies to manage it without medication, in the event that it is necessary. Other options for treating anxiety that do not involve medication include eye movement desensitization mindfulness meditation and Yoga that is trauma-informed. Talk with your therapist about what options are the best for you. Psychiatrists are trained to evaluate your medical history and symptoms and create a treatment plan that is suitable for you. They will consider your specific medical history and preferences when preparing the plan and will make adjustments as needed.